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:''For other uses of the name, see Justina (disambiguation)'' Justina (born circa 340, died circa 391) was the second wife of the Roman Emperor Valentinian I (reigned 364–375) and the mother of Valentinian II (reigned 375–392), Galla, Grata and Justa. ==Family== Justina was a daughter of Justus, governor of Picenum under Constantius II.〔Timothy Barnes, "Ammianus Marcellinus and the Representation of Historical Reality" (1998), page 124〕 According to Socrates of Constantinople: "Justus the father of Justina, who had been governor of Picenum under the reign of Constantius, had a dream in which he seemed to himself to bring forth the imperial purple out of his right side. When this dream had been told to many persons, it at length came to the knowledge of Constantius, who conjecturing it to be a presage that a descendant of Justus would become emperor, caused him to be assassinated."〔(Socrates Scholasticus, "The Ecclesiastical History", Book 14, Chapter 31, translation by Philip Schaff (1819 - 1893). )〕 Justina had two known brothers, Constantius and Cerealis. One of her daughters was named Galla. In "La Pseudobigamie de Valentinien I" (1958) by J. Rougé, all three names were argued to be representative of their descent from the Neratius family, an aristocratic family connected to the Constantinian dynasty through marriage.〔Noel Emmanuel Lenski, ''Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century'' (2002), page 103〕 According to the ''Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'' the names Justus and Justina may also indicate a relation to the Vettus family.〔''Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', vol. 1〕 The ''Prosopography'' mentions a theory that Justus was a son of Vettius Justus, Consul in 328, and a woman of the Neratius family. The latter family produced four relatively notable members in the early 4th century, siblings or half-siblings to each other. The first was Galla, wife of Julius Constantius and mother of Constantius Gallus. Her brothers were Naeratius Cerealis, Consul in 358 and Vulcacius Rufinus, Praetorian prefect of Italy from 365 to his death in 368. An unnamed sister was mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus as mother of Maximus, ''praefectus urbi'' of Rome under Julian the Apostate.〔 Although Timothy Barnes has theorised that Justina was a granddaughter or great-granddaughter of Crispus through her unnamed mother〔〔( David A. Wend, "Magnentius As Emperor" )〕 (Crispus was the only son of Constantine I and Minervina),〔Hans Polshander ("Crispus Caesar (317-326 A.D.)" )〕 it seems more probable that she was in fact the granddaughter of Julius Constantius, son of Constantius Chlorus and half-brother of Constantine the Great. Justina's mother was probably a daughter of Julius Constantius and his first wife, the aforementioned Galla. Hence, this makes Justina at the heart of the family connexions between the dynasties of the Constantines, the Valentinians and the Theodosians.〔François Chausson, "Stemmata aurea : Constantin, Justine, Théodose. Revendications généalogiques et idéologie impériale au IVe s. ap. J.-C." (2007)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Justina (empress)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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